SVDA查勘定损职业资格认证体系的研究

文章以阳光保险财产股份有限公司为背景,以汽车保险查勘定损员为对象,从知识结构、能力要求和职业素质等几方面对查勘定损员的职业资格体系进行了分析探讨,把汽车保险查勘定损员职业资格分为四级体系,每一级别对知识、能力和素质有不同要求,逐级提高,以期对阳光财产保险股份有限公司及整个查勘定损界起到指导和借鉴作用。     

建宁县出口杂交稻种种传病害本底调查

2012—2013年对建宁县出口杂交稻种始穗至收获期间发生水稻种传病害的种类及病丛率进行调查,结果表明：建宁县出口杂交稻种本底调查种传病害名单为稻瘟病、稻曲病及稻粒黑粉病。出入境检疫部门应强化对注册企业及制种基地监督,加强对出口稻种种传病害检疫,以确保我国出口杂交稻种符合进口国检疫要求。     

两种外来入侵斑潜蝇在海南地区的竞争取代调查分析

【目的】通过对海南地区2种生态位极其相似的外来入侵斑潜蝇,即美洲斑潜蝇（Liriomyza sativae）与三叶斑潜蝇（L. trifolii）种群动态的连续调查与分析,以了解2种斑潜蝇的竞争取代过程并探讨其机制。【方法】连续8年在海南地区对美洲斑潜蝇与三叶斑潜蝇的种群动态进行调查、归纳分析,并结合抗药性测定、温度及生殖干扰等研究,对海南地区2种斑潜蝇的种群更替机制进行探讨。【结果】三叶斑潜蝇的寄主植物种类广于美洲斑潜蝇。三叶斑潜蝇的分布已从2006年的4个地区扩展到海南全省。从2006年三叶斑潜蝇在海南省三亚地区被发现至今,其种群比例逐年递增。2012和2013年调查数据表明,三叶斑潜蝇已成为三亚、乐东及陵水三地的斑潜蝇优势种,其种群比例均在95%左右。【结论】与美洲斑潜蝇相比,三叶斑潜蝇竞争优势更明显,主要原因是生殖干扰能力强、适应的温度范围广、抗药性强、寄主范围广等,三叶斑潜蝇在中国的潜在分布区较大,应加强防控措施。     

Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance on 62 beef cattle farms in the North Island of New Zealand

AIM: To establish the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes on a random sample of beef cattle herds in the North Island of New Zealand.

METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted using a standardised faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) test (FECRT) for ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole on 60 calves on each of 62 farms in the North Island chosen at random from farms that conformed with the selection criteria. Resistance to an anthelmintic was inferred when there was <95% reduction in FEC 7-10 days after treatment. Larval cultures were performed for all control groups and for treated groups for which resistance was evident.

RESULTS: Of the farms that completed the FECRT, 4/61 (7%) showed ≥95% reduction in FEC for all anthelmintics tested. Resistance to ivermectin was evident on 56/61 (92%) farms, to albendazole on 47/62 (76%) farms, and to both ivermectin and albendazole on 45/61 (74%) farms. Resistance to levamisole was evident on only 4/62 (6%) farms. The parasites most prevalent in resistant populations cultured were Cooperia spp. On 45/61 (74%) farms where Cooperia spp were present in suffi cient numbers, resistance to both ivermectin and albendazole was evident. No cases of levamisole-resistant Cooperia spp were detected. Resistance of Ostertagia spp to ivermectin was evident on 4/45 (9%) farms, to albendazole on 15/46 (35%) farms, and to levamisole on 4/46 (9%) farms.

CONCLUSION: Anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes of cattle is common in the North Island of New Zealand. Beef farmers need to be aware of the risks posed by anthelmintic resistance, and routine FECR testing is recommended to ensure optimal productivity and to guide decision-making when purchasing anthelmintics to be used on-farm.     

Lafora's disease in an epileptic Basset hound

A 6-year-old Basset hound developed a progressive central nervous system disease culminating in epileptic seizures. Histologically, Lafora bodies were found in neurones of the middle and deeper cerebral cortex and midbrain, in Purkinje cells and their processes, and in glial cells of the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Many were also observed free in the neuropil. The ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics of the bodies were similar to those described in previous human and canine cases of Lafora's disease.     

Vitamin E,selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids in clinically normal grower (9–16 week old) pigs and their feed: their relationship to the vitamin E/selenium deficiency (“VESD”) syndrome

Vitamin E, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were determined in feed used at three piggeries over a four-week period and compared with corresponding concentrations in clinically normal grower pigs at slaughter. Mean values were vitamin E: 59 IU/kg (feed), 6 μmol/kg (liver), 1.7 μmol/1 (serum); and selenium: 310 μg/kg (feed), 5200 nmol/kg (liver), 1700 nmol/1 (blood). Alpha-tocopherol accounted for 80% of the mean vitamin E activity in the feed and over 95% that in the liver and serum. The mean ratio of PUFA to total fatty acid (FA) in the feed (38%) was similar to that in the serum (36%) and liver (39%), but the ratio of peroxidisable PUFA (PPUFA) to FA increased from 1.7% in the feed to 4.2% in the serum and 10.8% in the liver. The ratio of α-tocopherol (mmol) to PPUFA (mol) in the liver varied from 0.16 to 0.48. The relationship of these data to the “VESD” syndrome is discussed in the light of other published data.     

Turbulence and change - the veterinary profession in a competitive environment

This paper examines the views of members of the veterinary profession towards the change in orientation of professional practice that is occurring. It contrasts the values of veterinarians with those of doctors, dentists, lawyers and accountants. Particular attention is given to the areas of business efficiency, competition and advertising.

Data was derived from self-completion questionnaires containing 40 Likert scales which were mailed to 300 members of each of the five professions.     

Epidemiological analysis of the effects of biofumigation for biological control of root rot in sugar beet

The effects of biofumigation using a Brassica juncea (mustard) cover crop on the dynamics of rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet were recorded in two field trials in 2007 and 2008, and analysed using epidemiological modelling. Differences between partial biofumigation, involving the pulling up of mustard plants, and complete biofumigation, involving the crushing and incorporation of mustard residues into the soil, were compared with bare soil treatment. An epidemiological model was used that includes rates of transmission of primary and secondary infection, pre‐emergence damping off, and expression of wilting symptoms (above‐ground disease) due to infected roots (below‐ground disease). The model indicated that biofumigation reduces the transmission of primary infections but affects secondary infections in a variable pattern between field trials. Likewise, the proportion of infected plants expressing wilting was significantly reduced, by 28%, in the partial and complete biofumigation treatments compared with bare soil in the trial of 2007 but not in 2008. It is suggested that the effects of biofumigation on secondary infection and the expression of disease are more variable than those on primary infection, and that this is probably due to an interplay between pathogen, antagonists, host, and environmental factors. These interactions may or may not offset the benefits afforded by a reduction in primary infection and account for the overall variable success of biofumigation to control disease.     

甘肃省药用植物上链格孢属（Alternaria）的种类及分布（Ⅱ）

对2004年以来甘肃省百合科、苋科、木犀科、大戟科、桔梗科药用植物链格孢属引起的病害进行了鉴定,结果如下:芍药叶斑病病原为细链格孢[Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.)Keissler],青葙叶斑病病原为青葙链格孢[A.ce-losiae (Tassi)O.Sǎvul],连翘灰斑病病原为A.forsythiae Harter,引起连翘灰斑病、甘遂褐斑病病原为甘遂链格孢(A.kansuiae T.Y.Zhang&.Z.Zhang),沙参黑斑病的病原为茄链格孢[A.solani(Ellis et Martin)Sorauer].     

农牧民气候变化适应意愿及影响因素——以鄂尔多斯市乌审旗为例

通过对鄂尔多斯市乌审旗农牧业区10个嘎查（村）、102户农牧民家庭开展的问卷调查和访谈研究,分析了乌审旗农牧民应对气候变化采取的适应措施,限制其采取适应措施的主要因素,以及影响农牧民气候变化适应意愿的因素。结果表明：①农牧民主要通过打井灌溉、贷款和寻求农牧业以外其他工作的方式来应对气候变化;②限制农牧民采取适应措施的因素主要是资金匮乏、技术缺乏或落后、水资源短缺;③ Logistic回归模型表明,养殖业收入、草场面积和性别是影响乌审旗牧民气候变化适应意愿的主要因素,种植业收入、家庭年纯收入、年龄和性别是该旗农民进行气候变化适应的主要影响因素。乌审旗未来气候变化适应政策的制定和实施应更多地关注低收入人群。